Natural essential oils & oils
Estragole – A Natural Solution for Preventing Gastric Ulcers
01/08/2025
vipsen
Gastric ulcers are a common condition affecting millions of people each year, primarily caused by an imbalance between mucosal protective factors (such as mucus, prostaglandins, mucosal blood flow) and damaging factors (gastric acid, NSAIDs, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses).
While proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers are the current main treatments, they carry risks of recurrence and long-term side effects. This has driven the search for safer, natural bioactive compounds, with Estragole – the main component of basil essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) – emerging as a promising solution.
Estragole – The Key Compound in Basil Essential Oil
Estragole, also known as Methyl Chavicol, is a phenylpropanoid compound that makes up a high proportion of Vietnamese basil essential oil (up to 78% depending on variety and growing region). It contributes to the herb’s distinctive aroma and exhibits multiple biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cytoprotective actions.
A study by Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior et al. (2020) demonstrated that Estragole protects the gastric mucosa in various experimental ulcer models, thanks to its multi-target mechanisms.
Read the full research article here:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S075333222030771X
(Estragole prevents gastric ulcers via cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms in animal models – Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior et al., Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Vol.130 (110578), October 2020)
Four Key Mechanisms of Estragole in Preventing Gastric Ulcers
Research findings have identified four main mechanisms by which Estragole exerts its protective effects on the stomach:
1. Cytoprotective Mechanisms
- Enhanced mucus secretion: Estragole stimulates epithelial cells in the stomach to produce more protective mucus, forming a barrier against acid and pepsin, thereby preventing lesion formation.
- Preservation of sulfhydryl (SH) groups: These groups maintain protein structure and key protective enzymes. Inhibition of SH significantly reduces Estragole’s protective effect, confirming the involvement of this pathway.
- Activation of endogenous prostaglandins (PGE2, PGI2): Estragole promotes prostaglandin synthesis, increasing mucosal blood flow, supporting cell regeneration, and accelerating healing.
2. Gastric Secretion Inhibition
- In the pyloric ligation-induced ulcer model, Estragole significantly reduced ulcerative lesion index (ULI) compared to control groups.
- Although it did not markedly alter pH or hydrogen ion concentration, Estragole reduced the total gastric juice volume, limiting acid exposure to the mucosal surface and lowering erosion risk.
- This indirect antisecretory effect differs from PPIs, minimizing potential long-term side effects.
3. Antioxidant Mechanisms
- Reduction of oxidative stress – a major factor in mucosal injury:
- Increases Glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) levels, which neutralize free radicals generated by alcohol, NSAIDs, or stress.
- Decreases Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO), markers of lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration.
- This protects cell membranes and blood vessels surrounding ulcer sites, preventing tissue damage.
4. Immunoregulatory Mechanisms
- Reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines: Estragole lowers IL-1β and TNF-α levels, both directly linked to epithelial cell apoptosis and delayed ulcer healing.
- Increase of IL-10, a natural anti-inflammatory cytokine, balancing immune responses and minimizing secondary tissue damage from excessive inflammation.
- Reduction of iNOS expression, preventing excessive nitric oxide production that can harm gastric cells.
Potential Applications of Estragole from Basil Essential Oil
The study highlights Estragole as a promising natural compound for preventing and supporting the treatment of gastric ulcers through its combined actions: cell protection – gastric secretion inhibition – antioxidant – immune modulation. This finding reinforces the medical value of Vietnamese basil essential oil, not only in culinary and wellness uses but also in pharmaceutical research utilizing natural plant-based ingredients.
However, scientists recommend further clinical trials in humans to validate its efficacy and safety in high-dose or long-term applications.
VIPSEN’s Basil Essential Oil – Rich in Estragole
At VIPSEN, our basil essential oil is sourced from select cultivation areas in Vietnam, steam-distilled under strict GMP, HACCP, and ISO 22000 standards, ensuring a high and stable Estragole content.
Our product is ideal for applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, functional foods, beverages, and health care products, offering a natural, safe, and scientifically supported solution.
Conclusion
The research by Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior et al. (2020) demonstrates that Estragole – the major active compound in basil essential oil – can prevent gastric ulcers via four distinct mechanisms:
- Cytoprotection
- Gastric secretion inhibition
- Antioxidant action
- Immune modulation
This opens up new possibilities for developing natural therapies for digestive health.
VIPSEN is proud to supply high-quality Vietnamese basil essential oil rich in Estragole, offering global partners a sustainable and scientifically backed raw material for innovations in health and wellness.
VIPSEN Contact Information:
Phone / WhatsApp / Zalo / WeChat / Kakao Talk / LINE / Skype / Viber: +84 868 855 086
Email: info@vipsen.vn
Office address: D7-TT9, Foresa Street, Xuan Phuong Urban Area, Xuan Phuong Ward, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Essential oil production facility: Bai Dai Area, Tien Xuan Commune, Thach That District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Agricultural processing facility: Thu Do Hamlet, An Tuong Commune, Vinh Tuong District, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam
Share this article with your friends
Help your friends absorb interesting knowledge from VIPSEN
Related articles
13
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Fragrance & the Mind: The Science of How Scent Influences Emotion, Cognition and Mental Well-being
09
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Eucalyptus Essential Oil: General Characteristics and Applications in Industrial Manufacturing
01
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Natural Essential Oils in Products Supporting Allergic Asthma Management: Effects and Mechanisms of Action
23
09
Market news | Raw material areas
Flavor and Emotion: How Sensory Experience Is Shaping the Food and Beverage Industry
22
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Natural Essential Oils for the Modern Beverage Industry
08
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Menthol and Menthone: Exploring Two Key Compounds in Mint Essential Oil
26
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Fresh Ginger Essential Oil – What Creates Its Delicate, Fresh-Cut Ginger Aroma?
26
08
Company news
Notice regarding the National Day holiday schedule
10
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Using Natural Essential Oils in Candle Making – Safe, Simple and Effective
22
07
Natural essential oils & oils
The Role of Natural Essential Oils in Building Savory Food Flavors
15
07
Natural essential oils & oils
Regulations on Estragole (Methyl Chavicol) Levels in Foods and Beverages Around the World
30
06
Natural essential oils & oils
Common Types of Basil Essential Oils Used in the Flavor & Fragrance Industry
22
06
Natural essential oils & oils
Application of Natural Essential Oils in Food Preservation: A Natural Preservation Solution for the Food Industry
18
06
Natural essential oils & oils
Food Spoilage: Mechanisms, Spoilage Agents, and Modern Food Preservation Solutions
26
05
Natural essential oils & oils
Overview of Natural Essential Oils and Their Chemical Compound Groups
11
05
Natural essential oils & oils
Flavor Delivery Systems: The Foundation for Flavor Retention and Controlled Release in Food
15
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Field Experiment: Cultivation Conditions, Oil Yield, and Perilla Aldehyde Content in Perilla Essential Oil
11
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Benzoin Siam vs Benzoin Sumatra: Comparison and Applications
04
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Benzoin Gum – A Valuable Natural Balsamic Ingredient
26
03
Natural essential oils & oils
Flavor Building Blocks – The “Bricks” That Create Overall Flavor in Food & Beverages
17
03
Natural essential oils & oils
What Is Flavor? Key Characteristics and the Trend of Using Natural Essential Oils in Flavor Creation
07
03
Natural essential oils & oils
Furocoumarins in Natural Essential Oils: Overview, Benefits and Risks
24
02
30
01
Natural essential oils & oils
Overview of Phototoxicity and Its Relationship with Natural Essential Oils
27
01
Natural essential oils & oils
Cytokinin – A Key Biological Factor Behind High-Quality Materials in Natural Essential Oil Production
15
01
Natural essential oils & oils
Auxin Hormone – A Key Growth Regulator in Agriculture and Natural Essential Oil Production
12
01
Natural essential oils & oils
Meristem – Characteristics and Applications in Agriculture and Natural Essential Oil Production
31
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Coleus amboinicus Essential Oil: An Overview of Characteristics and Application Potential
30
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Coleus amboinicus – A Valuable Herbal Plant Deeply Rooted in Vietnamese Daily Life
16
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Cultivation and Care Techniques for Perilla (Shiso) in Vietnam
08
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Coriander Essential Oil – The Fragrance of Vietnamese Lunar New Year (Tet)
20
11
13
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Litsea Cubeba Oil Output in 2025 Declines Due to Storm Impact
29
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Perilla Essential Oil and Perilla Seed Oil – Two Different Ingredients from the Same Native Vietnamese Plant
20
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Unique Flavor from an Asian Herb – Perilla Essential Oil
14
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Perilla Essential Oil – Overview & Practical Applications
22
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Overview of Vietnamese Pomelo – One of the Ancestors of the Citrus World
18
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Tropical Aromas – The Beauty of Vietnamese Natural Essential Oils
30
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Litsea Cubeba – A Native Spice Rich in Vietnam’s Highland Culture
19
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Citral and Its Potential Applications in the Food Industry
11
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Perilla – Characteristics, Growth Conditions, and Applications
21
07
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Basil – A Native Plant Rich in Value
15
07
14
07
Natural essential oils & oils
Post-Harvest Care of Basil Plants to Increase Essential Oil Yield in Subsequent Harvests
03
07
Natural essential oils & oils
Methyl Chavicol Basil Oil – A Flavor Bridge Between Eastern and Western Cuisine
20
06
19
06
Natural essential oils & oils
Trusted Natural Essential Oil Manufacturers: Key Evaluation Criteria
17
06
Natural essential oils & oils
Mechanism of Action of Natural Essential Oils on the Human Body in Aromatherapy
04
06
Natural essential oils & oils
Cassia Oil – A Natural, Safe and Captivating Flavor & Fragrance
17
05
12
05
Natural essential oils & oils
Why Is Cassia Bark Typically Harvested in Spring and Autumn in Vietnam?
10
05
Natural essential oils & oils
Application of Capsicum Oleoresin in Seasoning Powder Production
10
05
Natural essential oils & oils
Cassia Bark – An Exceptional Raw Material for Cassia Bark Oil Distillation
06
05
Natural essential oils & oils
Emulsifiers in Food
06
05
Natural essential oils & oils
Applications of Pomelo Peel Essential Oil in Hair Therapy
22
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Capsicum Oleoresin – A Rising Trend in Modern Food Industry
22
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Capsicum Oleoresin in Sriracha Sauce – The Optimal Solution for Modern Production
18
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Overview of Capsicum Oleoresin
18
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Capsicum: Characteristics and Comparison with Global Varieties
08
04
02
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Common Capsicum Oleoresin Extraction Methods
02
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Capsaicin – The Compound Behind Chili’s Spiciness: Characteristics, Applications and Precautions
24
03
Natural essential oils & oils
Capsicum Oleoresin: Overview and Practical Applications
21
03
17
03
Natural essential oils & oils
Regulations on Estragole Levels in Cosmetics and Food
27
02
Natural essential oils & oils
Chemical composition and Antioxidant activity of Homalomena occulta essential oil harvested from Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
24
02
Natural essential oils & oils
GC-MS Analysis Method for Natural Essential Oils: A Fast and Reliable Analytical Tool
24
02
24
02
Natural essential oils & oils
Homalomena Occulta – The “Thousand-Year Vitality” Medicinal Herb of Vietnam
22
02
Natural essential oils & oils
Eugenol – A Natural Compound: Versatile Applications and Important Considerations
19
02
Natural essential oils & oils
Perfume – The art of Fragrance and the role of Natural Essential Oils in the billion-dollar industry
08
02
Company news
A New Year Journey – Seeking Tranquility
04
02
Natural essential oils & oils
Camphor Tree in Vietnam: Characteristics and Applications in Human Life
24
01
Natural essential oils & oils
Using Natural Essential Oils in Animal Feed: A Sustainable Alternative to Antibiotics and Additives
24
01
Natural essential oils & oils
Saponification Value: A Key Indicator for Evaluating the Quality of Vegetable Oils
24
01
Natural essential oils & oils
Terpenes in Natural Essential Oils: Exploring Scientific Value and Practical Applications
24
01
20
01
Natural essential oils & oils
The Role of Fatty Acids in Skin Rejuvenation and Barrier Restoration
20
01
Natural essential oils & oils
Applications of Neem Oil in Cosmetics: Versatile and Highly Effective
30
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Overview of Neem Oil – Versatile and Multifunctional
30
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Chemical Groups in Natural Essential Oils – Classification by Functional Groups
24
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Natural Aldehydes: Definition, Characteristics, and Applications in Various Industries
21
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Regulation 1334/2008/EC of the European Union: A Comprehensive Legal Framework for Food Flavorings
20
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Understanding IFRA and IFRA51: Safety Standards for the Fragrance Industry
19
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Eugenol: Characteristics, Properties, Production Methods, and Applications
18
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Holy Basil Oil: Characteristics, Benefits, and Diverse Applications
17
12
Natural essential oils & oils
ERC 1223/2009 Cosmetic Regulation of the EU: An Overview.
12
12
Natural essential oils & oils
Holy Basil: Characteristics, Benefits, and Its Role in Daily Life
29
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Coconut Trees: A Priceless Natural Resource with High Economic and Ecological Value
29
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Collagen: The Secret to Youthful Skin and Overall Health You Can’t Ignore
27
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Coconut Oil: A Natural Secret with Exceptional Benefits
26
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity against diarrhea – Causing bacteria of litsea cubeba fruit essential oil
26
11
Natural essential oils & oils
General Information About Mosquitoes and Effective Mosquito-Repellent Solutions Using Natural Essential Oils
18
11
Natural essential oils & oils
What is INCI? Everything You Need to Know About the International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients
14
11
Natural essential oils & oils
RNA Technology: The Future of the Cosmetics and Personal care Industry
14
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Vegan Cosmetics vs. Natural Cosmetics: Safe and Gentle Choices for Your Skin
12
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Vegan Cosmetics: A Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Beauty Trend
07
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Tamanu Oil and Refined Tamanu Oil: Differences and Applications in Beauty and Skincare
05
11
Natural essential oils & oils
Natural Sun Protection: How Tamanu Oil Shields Skin from UV Damage
30
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Green Skin Pomelo: Citrus Maxima or Citrus Grandis?
29
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Effects of Calophyllolide and Its Mechanism on Skin: A Natural Beauty Secret
29
10
Natural essential oils & oils
The Tamanu Tree: Characteristics and Applications in Life
28
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Fresh Ginger Oil & Traditional Ginger Oil: Similarities and Differences in Composition, Scent, and Applications
26
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Lycopene in Gac Oil: A Valuable Natural Antioxidant Compound
25
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Fatty Acids in Gac Oil: Scientific Insights and Health Benefits
24
10
Natural essential oils & oils
The Mechanism of Lycopene in the Body: The Secret to Antioxidation and Health Protection
21
10
Natural essential oils & oils
“Beta-Carotene in Gac oil: the golden key for bright eyes and overall health”
21
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Gac: morphological characteristics, growth and applications
17
10
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese sliced dried ginger: a valuable spice and its diverse applications from culinary to medical
14
10
14
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Comparison of Cassia Oil and Ceylon Cinnamon Oil
11
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Global cassia/cinnamon oil industry
09
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Natural Cinnamaldehyde: Applications and Regulations for Use in the World
04
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Coumarin in Vietnamese cassia oil: Overview of characteristics and applications
27
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnam Methyl Chavicol Basil Oil: The Secret to Creating Unique Flavors and Fragrances
27
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Natural Limonene from Vietnamese Green-skinned Pomelo Peel Essential Oil: High content, wide application
26
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Morphological and growth characteristics of Vietnamese Litsea cubeba
26
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Cinnamaldehyde
25
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Industrial Production of Natural Cinnamaldehyde in Vietnam
23
09
18
09
Natural essential oils & oils
Green-skinned pomelo, a specialty of Dong Nai province, Vietnam, is gradually developing in a sustainable direction
17
09
Spice agricultural products
Growing ginger in sacks, a new method with high efficiency in Vietnam
16
09
12
09
Company news
Welcome two new members to the VIPSEN R&D department
11
09
Natural essential oils & oils
The difference between Basil (Methyl Chavicol type) and Holy basil
29
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Basil Oil Linalool and Methyl Chavicol
29
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Research on factors affecting the efficiency of distilling star anise essential oil in the laboratory
23
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Research, quantify the constituents and characteristics of basil oil in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
21
08
Spice agricultural products
Bao Yen (Lao Cai) cassia, prices have recovered.
17
08
16
08
Natural essential oils & oils
Forestry characteristics of Vietnamese Melaleuca Cajuputy trees in Thua Thien Hue province
15
08
29
07
Natural essential oils & oils
The role of Natural essential oils in Aromatherapy
27
07
Natural essential oils & oils
VIPSEN basil essential oil, extremely low Benzo(a)pyrene content (<1ppb)
26
07
Natural essential oils & oils
Closed production process of Methyl Chavicol Basil essential oil at VIPSEN
16
07
Natural essential oils & oils
Natural essential oils, a valuable source of materials in food flavors
29
06
Spice agricultural products
Production process of Vietnamese sliced dried/Dehydrated ginger at VIPSEN factory
28
06
Spice agricultural products
HALAL certification – a necessary condition for Vietnamese agricultural spices to access the Muslim market
27
06
Spice agricultural products
JAS certification – necessary standards for Vietnamese agricultural products to enter the Japanese market
27
06
Spice agricultural products
Cinnamon powder production process at VIPSEN
26
06
Spice agricultural products
Techniques for planting Vietnamese Styrax Tonkinensis
25
06
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese cinnamon and coffee, a great combination
25
06
Spice agricultural products
FDA certification, a must-have condition for Vietnamese ginger exported to the US market
22
06
Spice agricultural products
Global GAP – A Ticket to the international market for Vietnamese ginger
19
06
Spice agricultural products
Techniques for harvesting and processing Vietnamese cinnamon bark
04
06
Spice agricultural products
Techniques for planting and caring for star anise plants in Vietnam
31
05
Spice agricultural products
Organic cinnamon growing techniques in Vietnam
24
05
Spice agricultural products
How is Vietnamese mint grown and cared for?
24
05
Natural essential oils & oils
Factors affecting the distillation efficiency of ginger essential oil
20
05
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese Organic ginger farming: Record keeping
07
05
Spice agricultural products
Production of materials for organic ginger cultivation
07
05
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese Organic Ginger: Techniques for growing and caring
03
05
Spice agricultural products
Factors affecting the efficiency of lemongrass essential oil production in Vietnam
03
05
Spice agricultural products
Pets and disease management in organic ginger cultivation in Vietnam
26
04
Spice agricultural products
Organic agriculture: general requirements
26
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Ginger essential oil, Zingiberen >30%, uses, benefits and more!
25
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese lemongrass essential oil, Citral from 75%, let’s discover the appeal of a spice plant
25
04
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese tea tree essential oil, α-Terpineol from 35%, widely used in cosmetics and medicine
24
04
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese fresh ginger: growing, care and harvesting techniques
22
04
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
The diference between Citronella esential oil and Lemongrass essential oil
19
04
Spice agricultural products
What is the difference between spice, seasoning, condiment and flavour?
19
04
Spice agricultural products
Anethol, the main compound in Vietnamese anise essential oil
30
03
Spice agricultural products
Methyl Chavicol (Estragole), the main compound of Vietnamese basil
29
03
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese Cajeput essential oil, high value for human health and life
28
03
Spice agricultural products
The difference between cinnamon bark essential oil and cinnamon leaf essential oil
27
03
Natural essential oils & oils
Effective Vietnamese Basil Cultivation for High Yield and Oil Quality
27
03
Natural essential oils & oils
Factors affecting the distillation efficiency of Basil essential oil
25
03
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese Litsea Cubeba essential oil – Citral content from 70%
25
03
Spice agricultural products
CITRAL Natural, Attractive active ingredient in life and industry
23
03
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese Eucalyptus essential oil – Eucalyptol 80-85%, widely used
09
03
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Corn Mint Oil: (Mentha arvensis): High content of Menthol
06
03
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese Tamanu oil – High quality cosmetics from natural
05
03
Spice agricultural products
Vietnamese anise essential oil: No-toxic, trans anethole content >= 85%
01
03
Spice agricultural products
Muong Te, Lai Chau – Famous Areas of Vietnamese Cymbopogon winterianus (Java Citronella)
28
02
Spice agricultural products
Vietnam Lemon Eucalyptus Oil – Citronellal content up to 80%
27
02
Spice agricultural products
Vietnam citronella oil – From a cymbopogon species to a high-value essential oil product
06
02
Spice agricultural products
Pomelo essential oil – a product with ingredients from special fruits in Vietnam
01
02
Natural essential oils & oils
Vietnamese Basil Essential Oil – Methyl Chavicol content (>80%) makes a DIFFERENCE
30
01
Spice agricultural products
Siam Wood essential oil – From precious wood species to ingredients of high-end products.
27
01
Spice agricultural products
Cinnamaldehyde or Cinnamic_Aldehyde – NATURE’s wonderful compound
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Leading cinnamon processing and exporting factory in Vietnam
22
10
22
10
Market news
Should I use handmade lipstick?
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
Deodorize the kitchen with natural essential oils
22
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Skin care with natural essential oils is safe and effective
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
How to prevent dengue fever with lemongrass essential oil
22
10
22
10
Market news
Spice agricultural products
Unexpected effects of camphor tree on health
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
Using jasmine essential oil stimulates desire and helps make married life more fulfilling
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
Use jasmine essential oil to treat coughs, expectorate phlegm, and itchy throat
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
Fight postpartum depression with jasmine essential oil
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
What is Cajeput essential oil? Wonderful uses of cajeput essential oil in life
22
10
22
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Good folk tip: treat baby’s cough with cajeput essential oil
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
Reduces wrinkles with extremely effective natural essential oils
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
5 effects of rose essential oil on health and beauty
22
10
Natural essential oils & oils
Extremely effective skin care tips with rose essential oil that not everyone knows
22
10
Spice agricultural products
Natural essential oils & oils
Top 5 essential oils that are extremely effective in treating foot odor
31
08
